Tafsir is a science that aims to explain the Qur'an in the most accurate way. As it is known, the Prophet (PBUH) is the first explainer of the Qur'an. This duty was given to him by Almighty Allah (swt) Himself. His companions passed on the knowledge they received from him and their own understanding to the next generation. Those who came later played the same role, adding to the knowledge they received from their predecessors and passing it on to those who came after them.
In recent years, there have been a number of thematic exegesis studies in which verses related to a particular subject in the Qur'an are evaluated in a broad way. The Qur'an, as a book that encompasses the whole of life, has touched upon many direct and indirect subjects. For this reason, those who try to explain it have benefited and will continue to benefit from all kinds of information that will help them understand it better.
The following topics are examined in this department:
1. History of the Holy Qur'an,
2. Literature under the main title of “Qur'anic Sciences”,
3. The main issues that the Qur'an deals with,
4. Methods of interpretation of the Qur'an,
5. The accumulation of exegesis throughout history
6. Major Qur'anic studies in the contemporary Islamic world and orientalist scholarship.
* HADITH
It is a discipline that examines the hadīth texts, which constitute the written information and documents of the Sunnah, the second basic source of the Islamic religion, in terms of sened, text and content within the framework of the principles of hadīth methodology, taking into account the historical process it has undergone, and tries to make their current interpretations.
It is aimed to base the hadīth texts, which are composed of the Prophet's words, deeds and taqrīr, on the authentic and sound sunnah data, provided that the scientific aims, tools and methods of this field are used, and the examples of thought and behavior that individuals will need in practical life are based on the authentic and sound sunnah data.
Hadith Sciences and Procedure, Hadith I and Hadith II are taught as compulsory courses at undergraduate level. In addition, Ahkâm Hadiths and Their Interpretations, Contemporary Hadith Problems, Rical and Textual Criticism in Hadith Science, Hadith Discussions, Hadith Sources of Islamic Aqeedah are elective courses in this discipline.
* WORD
Kalām is a science that deals with the supreme Being, i.e. God, His attributes in terms of existence and His relationship with beings outside Himself. With this structure, Kalām refers to the understanding of belief expressed in the Qur'ān with the concept of tawhid in the theological reality that emerged with the Islamic revelation and the efforts to rationally justify the other belief issues of Islam systematized as “divinity”, “prophethood” and “meād”.
In addition to this, Kalām, as it has done throughout its history, also aims to reveal religious beliefs and eliminate the doubts that exist in the minds about them. Another issue that stands in the way of Kalām, but the extent to which it is interested in it is controversial, is its interest in social problems. The fact that kalām set God and the divine as its goal, and saw dealing with God as the basis of its being an honorable science, weakened its connection with the human and the humanitarian. Social problems, which have remained weak in the historical dynamics of theology, are tried to be turned into the main field of interest in the Department of Kalam in our Faculty. In this framework, themes such as Human (Society), History and Nature are defined as the main areas of interest of theology.
Within the framework of the current curriculum, Kalam is taught at the undergraduate level under the titles of “Principles of Islamic Belief”, “Kalam I”, “Kalam II”, “History of Kalam” and “Contemporary Problems of Kalam”. In the Principles of Islamic Belief course, the principles of faith are discussed and taught in detail. In the “Kalam I” and “Kalam II” courses, the topics of classical theology are given comparatively on the basis of Mu'tazila, Ash'ārī and Maturidī theological systems. In the “History of Kalām” course, the historical development of the science of Kalām, the structural relationship between Kalām and history is revealed by taking into account the social, cultural and intellectual dynamics in which theological views emerged. In the “Contemporary Theological Problems” course, contemporary theological problems such as Reincarnation, Satanism, Stem Cell, Religion-Science Relationship, Religion-Politics Relationship and Atheism are discussed.
* TASAWWUF
The Department of Sufism examines the sincere efforts of Muslims to learn the accumulation of knowledge and thought contained in the religion of Islam and to reflect this accumulation to practical life, and the elements of all these in the Qur'an and Sunnah.
This department introduces the exemplary personalities whose understanding of knowledge and values is prominent with scientific methods, gives special importance to the studies of Sufi culture in the Turkish and Ottoman Periods, and aims to reveal the relationship and mutual effects of this discipline with other basic disciplines.
* ARABIC LANGUAGE AND RHETORIC
The Department of Arabic Language and Rhetoric aims to learn Arabic, which is the most important source language, in order to directly understand the basic sources of Islam and to examine classical and modern works written in the fields of Basic Islamic Sciences and Cultural History.
In order to understand some of the concepts and language subtleties in this field, it is necessary to know various disciplines under the name of rhetoric, especially those belonging to this language. For this reason, the Department of Arabic Language and Rhetoric tries to teach Arabic language and grammar at the undergraduate level with scientific methods and modern tools and equipment.
* ISLAMIC LAW
Islamic Law is a science that reveals the provisions of Islam regarding daily life based on certain evidences and sources and thus enables the individual to know his religious rights and obligations.
With Islamic Law;
1- The practical aspect of one's duties towards God (ibadah),
2-Legal accumulation and tradition in Muslim societies,
3-Methods followed in reaching religious-legal judgments,
4-The philosophical foundations of the rulings of worship and law,
5-Modern legal thought and the basic concepts and theories of this field are aimed to be introduced.
Islamic Law, which regulates the relations of the person with his Lord, other people and society, covers all stages of life. We can express the subject of Islamic law as follows: Worship, Family Law, Social Relations, Criminal Law and Inheritance Law.
Courses such as “Islamic Law”, “History of Islamic Law”, “Islamic Law Procedure”, “Comparative Islamic Law”, “Religion and State”, “Religion and Economy”, “Classical and Modern Fiqh Texts”, “Contemporary Fiqh Problems” are taught.
* HISTORY OF ISLAMIC SECTS
Sects, which we can call the schools of thought in the political, theological and practical fields of Islam, are human formations that have emerged as a result of the institutionalization of differences in the way religion is understood. Political, social, economic, historical, cultural, geographical and similar reasons have led to some differentiation in the understanding of religion. The institutionalization of these differentiations within a certain process, the systematic characterization of the views and their profound impact on the socio-cultural structure, and the production of ideas in order to support and justify the basic arguments in the formed environment have led to the phenomenon of sects. The History of Islamic Sects is a branch of science that examines these human formations, which are the schools of thought of Islam that came into being for political and theological purposes, with scientific methods.
The History of Islamic Sects is a branch of science that gathers all Islamic understandings and ideas together and examines the sects as they are. It deals with and introduces each sect according to its own sources and its own claims. Therefore, it has an objective approach when describing the views of sects. The History of Islamic Sects tries to reveal how the sects that existed in the past or the sects and contemporary Islamic movements that are alive today understand Islam and reveals the historical, political and social foundations of the ideas defended by the sects. In this way, the points of contention between the sects are illuminated and perhaps unnecessary enmity is replaced by friendship and mutual understanding.
* READING THE QUR'AN AND KIRAAT
The theory and practice of reading the Qur'an in accordance with the rules,
Recognition of the science of Qiraat and different Qiraat, which deals with different readings on the words of the Qur'an,
Theoretical knowledge about the phonetics of the letters of the Qur'an as well as the practice of memorization of some suras,
It is aimed to comprehend basic information about the content and subject distribution of the Qur'an.
Reading the Qur'an, which is the main source of Islam, in accordance with the rules of the Qur'an and pronouncing its words correctly has an important place in the education of Islamic sciences. It is known that different types of recitation of the Qur'anic words contribute significantly to the exegesis of the Qur'an.
In this department, which was established in order to provide the necessary education about the proper reading of the Qur'an and its qiraat, the theoretical and practical education necessary for the reading of the Qur'an in accordance with the rules of tajwit is given.
